March 24, Kathmandu – The ongoing conflict in Iran has begun to disrupt the global energy supply chain. With interruptions especially affecting oil and gas deliveries, several Asian countries have been compelled to revert to coal, a major contributor to pollution.
According to news agency AP, the Asian region heavily relies on imported fuels to meet its energy demands. A significant portion of these supplies transit through the Strait of Hormuz, a strategic route responsible for about 20 percent of the world’s oil and natural gas trade.
Typically, supplies of liquefied natural gas (LNG), which produces less pollution than oil or coal, have declined due to the conflict. Consequently, countries ranging from India, South Korea, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines to Vietnam have increased their coal usage.
Current Situation Across Countries
With the onset of the summer season and rising electricity demand, neighboring India has intensified its coal consumption. Meanwhile, South Korea has raised the limits on electricity generation from coal.
Indonesia is prioritizing domestically produced coal for internal consumption, potentially further reducing coal availability in the regional market. Amid unstable fuel supplies, Vietnam has also begun preparations to import coal from other countries.
Severe Impacts on Pollution and Health
The growing dependence on coal to mitigate the energy crisis poses significant environmental and health risks.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), smoke from burning coal increases air pollution and smog, raising the risk of long-term ailments such as lung and heart diseases, strokes, and respiratory problems.
Currently, millions in India are already forced to breathe unhealthy air, and the increased coal use is certain to worsen this situation.
Rising Electricity Costs and Challenges in Transitioning to Renewable Energy
Additionally, coal prices have surged on global markets after the conflict, pressuring Southeast Asian countries to increase electricity tariffs.
Experts warn that while turning to coal under current circumstances is unavoidable and only a temporary fix, the long-term solution lies in renewable energy. However, the present crisis risks delaying the global transition toward renewable sources such as solar, hydro, and wind power.
Nonetheless, despite these challenges, countries like Vietnam are working towards long-term goals by promoting the use of electric vehicles and reducing coal dependence.
(With agency contributions)
