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Tensions in the Middle East: Trump Threatens Bombing Oman to Disrupt Iran Deal

Written by space4knews on . Posted in News.

President Donald Trump has warned that if efforts are made to obstruct ongoing talks with Iran, the US may bomb its partner Oman. Both the United States and Iran are conducting separate negotiations regarding the critical Strait of Hormuz, a vital passage for the global economy. Due to the US-Iran conflict, this waterway has been nearly closed for the past six months.

According to a Fox News correspondent, Trump used profanity during a phone interview while issuing this warning. Iranian officials had previously indicated that an agreement with Oman was nearing its final stages. However, after the 60-day deadline mentioned in the US-Iran deal expired, the future of the negotiations has become uncertain.

Speaking to reporters in the Oval Office on Monday, Trump was asked if efforts were underway to extend the agreement’s deadline; he simply responded, “No.” In February, after the US and Israel launched attacks on Iran, Tehran effectively closed the Strait of Hormuz. Oman, located south of the strait, has maintained a neutral stance in the conflict.

Trump stated, “If Oman creates any obstruction, we will bomb them swiftly.” He also claimed to have secret contacts with Iran’s leading military, economic, and political force, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), a claim denied by an IRGC spokesperson. According to Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman Ismail Baghaei, both sides have already agreed on the map of the waterway.

Trump Threatens Oman with Bombing Amid Failed Talks with Iran

Written by space4knews on . Posted in International.

Following unsuccessful negotiations with Iran, United States President Donald Trump has issued a threat to bomb Oman. According to Fox News journalist Trey Yingst, Trump made the warning during a telephone conversation, stating, ‘If Oman obstructs us, we will bomb them harshly.’ This threat has escalated tensions in the region.

Iran and Oman have reportedly come close to an agreement to keep maritime traffic open in the Strait of Hormuz. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesperson Ismail Baghaei affirmed that both countries have reached an understanding regarding the navigation routes for ships passing through the area. Oman had previously indicated that talks with Iran were progressing positively.

Located along the southern coast of the Strait of Hormuz, Oman has consistently portrayed itself as a neutral nation in conflict situations. Both Oman, an ally of the United States, and the US itself are engaged in separate negotiations with Iran. The reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, a critical artery for the global economy, has become a key agenda item in these discussions.

President Trump has expressed that he is in no rush to end the conflict with Iran, describing the Iranians as ‘skilled poker players’ who are showing signs of weakening. Meanwhile, concerns are rising that Trump’s threats may exacerbate tensions in regional diplomacy.

London-Based Runner Santosh Rai Achieves Success at Ironman Leeds

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Sports.

Santosh Rai, a runner residing in London, delivered an outstanding performance at the ‘Ironman Leeds’ competition, securing second place in his age group and 51st overall. He achieved this accomplishment in the event held on Sunday.

News Summary

Including editorial review.

  • Nepali runner Santosh Rai, based in London, secured second place in his age group and 51st overall at Ironman Leeds.
  • Rai became the first Nepali and first London bus driver selected for the Ironman World Championship in Kona, Hawaii.
  • He said, “My first attempt to qualify for the Ironman World Championship in Kona, Hawaii, has been successful.”

London — Santosh Rai, a London resident and accomplished runner, showcased a strong performance at the Ironman Leeds competition held last Sunday. He finished second in his age category and 51st among all participants.

Ironman Leeds is considered one of the world’s most challenging full-distance triathlon courses, encompassing a 3.8-kilometer swim, 180-kilometer cycling, and a 42.195-kilometer marathon. The course’s demanding uphill and downhill terrain adds an extra level of difficulty for competitors.

Due to water safety concerns, the swimming segment was canceled, and the event consisted only of cycling and running stages.

Santosh Rai stated, “The most important achievement for me is qualifying for the Ironman World Championship in Kona, Hawaii, and my first attempt has been successful.”

He takes pride in becoming the first Nepali and the first London bus driver to earn a spot at the Kona World Championship.

The highly competitive World Championship, taking place on October 10 in Kona, Hawaii, admits only about 3% of triathletes across various age groups.

Qualification requires winning one’s age group and inclusion through a ballot process, which mandates completion of at least 12 Ironman races and consistent participation over the past two years.

The Ironman World Championship is regarded globally as the ultimate goal and dream for triathletes.

Rai added, “I believe my journey will inspire others to understand that with dedication, hard work, and perseverance, nothing is impossible.”

In 2024, he became the first Nepali to compete in the World Championship long-distance triathlon, placing in the top 13.

Earlier, in 2023, representing Nepal at the World Championship long-distance triathlon in Pontevedra, Spain, he achieved 17th place in the 40-44 age group.

Santosh Rai, founder of Nepal Run UK, also set a Guinness World Record running the 45th edition of the renowned London Marathon wearing Nepal’s traditional daura suruwal outfit.

Since starting his running career in 2009, Rai has been the first Nepali to complete all six major world marathons — London, Berlin, New York, Chicago, Boston, and Tokyo.

Nepal Run UK has organized seven full marathon events across Nepal’s seven provinces within a week, with Rai participating twice in these events.

Gas Shortage in Nepal: Where Did the Gas From 4 Million Cylinders Imported in One Month Go?

Written by space4knews on . Posted in News.

Despite heavy rain on Saturday, many citizens lined up for cooking gas but had to return empty-handed due to a shortage, even when the government managed the distribution itself. Although the government operated gas distribution on Saturday and Sunday, it was unable to meet the demand, leading to the resumption of regular sales at distribution centers from Monday onward. Long queues persisted at gas shops where people waited with empty cylinders. According to the Customs Department, Nepal imported 57,335 metric tons of gas in just the month of Shrawan.

Nagendra Sah, Managing Director of the Nepal Oil Corporation, noted that this is the highest monthly gas import in Nepal’s history. The 573.3 million kilograms of gas imported in Shrawan is sufficient to fill 4 million cylinders of 14.2 kilograms each. The Gas Industry Association estimates that approximately 17.5 million gas cylinders are currently in use in Nepal. The volume of gas brought in during Shrawan could fill about one-quarter of all cylinders currently in use across the country. Experts have indicated that filling all cylinders simultaneously would require 250 million kilograms of gas.

Before Shrawan, continuous gas imports were recorded, with suspicions that gas has been stored in homes, restaurants, hotels, and offices. Former president of the Gas Industry Association Shiv Prasad Ghimire explained that under normal conditions, one-third of gas is with consumers, and the remaining two-thirds are with the industry, vendors, and in transit. “Cylinders are distributed among three locations: the industry, transport vehicles, and vendors, as well as consumer households. There are no official statistics, but typically 33% would be at consumers’ homes, another 33% with vendors and in transit, and the remaining 33% with the industry,” Ghimire said.

Ghimire estimated that currently more than 33% of the gas may already be filled and stocked. “Data shows over one-third of gas is at consumer households,” he added. “Based on import and sales data, approximately 40-45% of gas should be already filled. However, sometimes a household’s stove can run out of gas, which worsens the problem when immediate supplies are insufficient.” He further stated that neither the industries nor vendors currently have significant gas reserves; cylinders sent from industries are filled and sent to market within a day or a bit longer, and vendors sell the gas within hours. “There is indeed a shortage, especially for consumers who only own one cylinder and have to line up after it runs out,” Ghimire said.

“On the other hand, those who have five cylinders started filling all of them,” added Nagendra Sah. “We currently have a six-month supply of gas in storage, but mostly affecting those with only one cylinder. Because some consumers refill two, three, or four cylinders, our daily market sales target of 3.2 million cylinders now requires sending 800,000 more cylinders daily,” Sah explained.

Due to increased risks associated with storing excessive gas at home, Nepal Oil Corporation has recommended greater use of electric stoves to reduce gas consumption. “We urge people not to stockpile large quantities of gas. For safety reasons and to ensure fair distribution, please avoid hoarding,” Sah said. Given that gas cylinders can exacerbate damage during some fire incidents, the corporation has requested that people refrain from storing gas amid fears of future shortages.

Customs Department data reveals that over the past four months since Chaitra, the gas supply has been less than average demand. For instance, in Falgun, 51,192 metric tons of gas were supplied—enough to fill 3.5 million cylinders. However, after February 13, only half cylinders were distributed, which led to a reduction in imports from India. In Baisakh, only 32,000 metric tons were imported, enough for 2.2 million cylinders. Although half cylinders started being sold, 4.4 million cylinders could be filled in that month. Imports in Jestha were slightly higher by 800 metric tons compared to Baisakh.

Ghimire, from the gas industry, explained that imports were reduced as customers were not able to empty the gas from delivery trucks, causing over 150 trucks to be held up at various borders. “There was no space for storage at the industry as consumer demand was not increasing,” he said. Nepal’s 58 gas industries have a combined storage capacity of 11,000 metric tons, enough for five days’ demand. Since the resumption of half cylinder sales, Nepal has received 35,000 metric tons less gas than demanded over four months. Customs data shows that 44,000 metric tons were supplied in Asar, which is 3,000 metric tons less than average demand. However, imports have exceeded average demand in Shrawan, according to the Customs Department.

Since the resumption of gas distribution into cylinders from the end of Asar, the shortage has begun to ease, said Managing Director Sah. “According to data, continuous gas shipments are arriving. The supply and demand imbalances will gradually be resolved,” Sah stated.

Italy and Uganda Secure Spots in ODI World Cup Qualifier Playoffs

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Sports.

Italy and Uganda have secured their places in the playoff stage of the ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup Qualifier for 2027. Both teams guaranteed advancement to the next phase of qualification by finishing in the top two of the ongoing ICC Challenge League B held in Tanzania. This achievement marks the first opportunity for Italy and Uganda to participate in officially recognized One Day International (ODI) matches. Dated 2nd September, Kathmandu.

Italy and Uganda confirmed their positions in the 2027 ICC Men’s Cricket World Cup Qualifier playoffs. With one match remaining in the ICC Challenge League B tournament in Tanzania, both teams have ensured they will finish in the top two and progress to the subsequent stage of the qualification process. Neither side can be displaced from these top two spots at this point.

Italy secured their playoff berth by defeating Hong Kong, which also indirectly confirmed Uganda’s advancement. Uganda had a rest day on Monday, and Italy’s victory eliminated Hong Kong’s chances of challenging for a top-two finish. Hong Kong, batting first, was bowled out for 174 runs in 49.5 overs. Despite notable contributions from Zeeshan Ali, who scored 57, and Shahid Wasiq with 50 runs, Hong Kong was unable to post a competitive total. Italy successfully chased the target in 46 overs, losing four wickets in the process.

In their final matches, Italy will face the hosts Tanzania, while Uganda will compete against Bahrain. Both teams no longer require a win in their last games to maintain their top-two positions. The journey from the Challenge League to the playoffs represents a historic milestone for Italy and Uganda, as they will participate in officially recognized ODI matches for the very first time in the playoff competition.

Could Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan Form a ‘Muslim NATO’ Through the Mecca Pact?

Written by space4knews on . Posted in News.

More than a week has passed since Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan signed a joint security agreement called the ‘Mecca Pact.’ Some analysts have referred to this agreement as a ‘Sunni Pact’ or even a ‘Muslim NATO.’ It has also been interpreted as a signal against countries such as Iran and Israel. However, since the full details of the pact have not been made public, speculation and commentary continue to grow. Critics argue that the differing national interests of countries not included in this pact could pose significant challenges.

The agreement clearly states that if any one of the countries is attacked, all three parties will respond collectively. Turkey’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan described the pact as ‘technically similar to NATO’s Article 5.’ Nonetheless, analysts suggest that only time and real-world tests will reveal whether this pact will evolve into a full-fledged military alliance like NATO. Professor Sherhat Gibench of Kadir Has University commented, “Until the terms of the agreement are fully understood, it remains unclear how the implementation and impact will unfold.”

Some analysts view the Mecca Pact as a response to the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East as well as the broader tensions involving the United States, Israel, and Iran. Among the signatories, Pakistan and Turkey are both Sunni-majority countries sharing borders with Iran, and Saudi Arabia has also signed on. Some interpret this as an attempt to encircle Iran from multiple directions. However, Turkish officials have stated that talks leading to this pact began in December 2024, prior to the current conflicts.

Could Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan Forge a “Muslim NATO” Through the Mecca Pact?

Written by space4knews on . Posted in News.

Traditional attire of bin Salman alongside Turkey's Erdogan and Pakistan's Sharif

Image source, Reuters

Published

Reading time: 5 minutes

It has been over a week since Turkey, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan signed a joint security agreement known as the ‘Mecca Pact’. Some analysts refer to this pact as the “Sunni Pact” or the “Muslim NATO.”

Some see it as a signal against countries like Iran and Israel, while others interpret it as a desire to reduce reliance on the United States for security.

However, since the full details of the agreement have not been disclosed, speculation and commentary have increased. Critics argue that differing national interests among excluded countries pose a significant challenge.

Some experts have raised major questions about the pact’s implications and context due to the absence of a written document.

So, what do we know about this agreement and what does it mean? What is clear, and what remains ambiguous?

Outstanding Results at British Model College: 7 Students Achieve A* and 33 Secure A Grades

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Business.

British Model College has achieved remarkable results in the Cambridge International AS and A Level June 2026 examinations, with a pass rate of 94 percent out of 106 candidates. Among the examinees, 7 students earned A* grades across all subjects, while 33 students secured A grades in all their subjects.

Rajan Kumar Rai, Head of Schools at British Education Group, attributed this success to the relentless efforts of the students, dedicated guidance from teachers, and consistent support from parents. He stated, “This achievement is a proud moment not only for British Model College but also for the entire British Education Group.”

The college highlighted that the students’ sustained hard work, effective teaching, and ongoing parental encouragement played a crucial role in attaining these excellent results. For students completing their A Level studies, this accomplishment serves as a vital milestone in their journey toward higher education admissions. The college extended heartfelt congratulations to all the students who achieved outstanding results and expressed gratitude to the teachers, parents, and the entire school community for their contributions.

WiFi Nepal Launches Five New Internet Packages Under the ‘Home Series’

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Business.

Internet service provider WiFi Nepal has introduced five new internet packages under its ‘Home Series’ to cater to customer needs. The company announced that these packages, offering speeds ranging from 80 Mbps to 300 Mbps, will include a ZTE dual-band router. According to the company, this new series aims to deliver high-quality and reliable internet experiences targeting both home and office users. Kathmandu, 18 August.

WiFi Nepal launched the new ‘Home Series’ prioritizing modern lifestyles and customer requirements. The series comprises five internet packages, each accompanied by a ZTE dual-band router, now available on the market. The company stated that the packages were developed considering the number of devices used at home, internet demands, and customers’ budgets.

The Home Series includes the 80 Mbps ‘Smart Pack,’ 120 Mbps ‘Power Pack,’ 160 Mbps ‘Power Plus Pack,’ 200 Mbps ‘Speed Pack,’ and 300 Mbps ‘Speed Plus Pack.’ According to WiFi Nepal, the 80 Mbps package is suitable for students, small families, and general internet users. The 120 Mbps package targets families using a limited number of devices, while the 160 Mbps package is designed for larger families with multiple devices.

Additionally, the 200 Mbps package is tailored to meet the needs of online gamers and remote workers, whereas the 300 Mbps package is intended for homes, offices, businesses, and users requiring high-speed internet. The company emphasized that the goal of the Home Series is not only affordability but also to provide quality, reliable, and excellent internet service.

To achieve this, special attention has been given to internet coverage, router quality, service stability, user experience, and customer support. The included ZTE dual-band router operates on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands, according to the company. Its high capacity is designed to improve internet coverage throughout different areas of the home and to maintain a stable and reliable connection even when multiple devices are connected simultaneously.

Investment Agreement Finalized for 420 MW Tila-2 Hydropower Project

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Business.

An investment agreement has been finalized with banks and financial institutions for the 420 megawatt (MW) Tila-2 Hydropower Project, promoted by Urja Tila Power Company. Located in Kalikot, this run-of-river project with a pondage facility involves a total cost of NPR 7.007 billion, of which 75 percent will be financed through loans. The project aims to contribute 2,318.79 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of electricity annually to the national grid, with a peak generation capacity of six hours per day during dry seasons.

Kathmandu, 18 August – Urja Tila Power Company has signed an investment agreement led by Everest Bank Limited alongside various other banks and financial institutions for the 420 MW Tila-2 Hydropower Project. Sanima Bank is the co-lead bank in the consortium, with Prime Commercial Bank, NIC Asia Bank, and Global IME Bank also serving as co-lead banks. Participating banks include Siddhartha Bank, Nabil Bank, Nepal Infrastructure Bank, Agricultural Development Bank, Muktinath Development Bank, and Kamana Sewa Development Bank.

Constructed in Kalikot district of Karnali Province, the project will see the dam established in Tilagupha Municipality, and the powerhouse set up in Khandachakra Municipality. This run-of-river project with piped roof-return type pondage is designed to operate with a daily peak generation of up to six hours during dry periods. The total project cost stands at NPR 7.007 billion, with NPR 5.255 billion (75%) secured as loans from banks and financial institutions, and the remaining NPR 1.752 billion (25%) funded through equity. The company has also allocated 20 percent of the shares to residents of the affected areas and the general public.

The project received the electricity production license from the Department of Electricity Development on 23 August 2018 (7 Bhadra 2075 BS) and signed a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) on 23 November 2021 (7 Kartik 2078 BS) with Nepal Electricity Authority for 296.74 MW capacity. Construction is targeted to be completed within four years. Upon becoming operational, the project will generate a total of 2,318.79 GWh annually, including 451.05 GWh during peak hours in dry seasons, 205.45 GWh during off-peak hours, and 1,662.29 GWh during the monsoon season, feeding this electricity into the national transmission system.

With the signing of the investment agreement, a major phase of financial arrangements for the project has been completed. The project is expected to strengthen the national electricity system by providing power during high demand periods. The key promoters include Stream Investment, Energy Impact Fund, Robbins USA, along with other institutional and individual investors.

Nepal Electricity Authority’s Profit Declines by NPR 387 Crore

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Business.

Despite an increase in revenue, the Nepal Electricity Authority’s pre-tax profit for the fiscal year 2082/83 decreased by 43 percent compared to the previous year, limiting it to NPR 5.04 billion. Executive Director Dhirajay Kumar Shrestha attributed the profit decline to the rise in foreign exchange rates, increased depreciation, and higher interest expenses. In the past fiscal year, the Authority generated a total income of NPR 166 billion, including NPR 29.31 billion from electricity exports.

Although revenue rose, the profit saw a dip. The pre-tax profit for the fiscal year 2082/83 was NPR 5.04 billion, which is about 43 percent or NPR 387 crore less than the previous year’s NPR 8.91 billion. According to Executive Director Dhirajay Kumar Shrestha, the Authority earned a total of NPR 166 billion from electricity sales and other sources during this period.

Income from electricity sales increased by 18.20 percent compared to the previous year, reaching NPR 148.62 billion. The Authority cited overall operational improvements, reductions in electricity leakage, and growth in electricity exports as key reasons for the revenue increase. Additionally, the total operating profit grew by 7.28 percent over the prior year.

The rise in foreign exchange rates caused the Authority’s liabilities to grow by 272.86 percent compared to the previous year, amounting to NPR 1.151 billion. Increased depreciation and interest expenses further contributed to the decline in net profit. Furthermore, provisions made for impairment losses also impacted profitability, resulting in a lower profit for the year. By the end of fiscal year 2082/83, Nepal’s total installed electricity generation capacity reached 4,120 megawatts.

In the past year alone, 529 megawatts were added to the national transmission system. The Authority reported a 3.85 percent increase in electricity customers compared to the previous year, reaching a total of 5.927 million customers. Among them, domestic customers constitute 90.64 percent, industrial customers 1.20 percent, and other customers 8.16 percent. Although internal electricity consumption rose by 9.27 percent, electricity leakage slightly decreased from 12.26 percent last year to 12.16 percent this year. Nepal spent NPR 1.056 billion on electricity imports during the last fiscal year, while revenue from electricity exports surged by 68 percent to NPR 2.931 billion compared to the previous year.

Bhaktapur’s Bhatbhateni Superstore Begins 24-Hour Operations Today

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Business.

The Bhatbhateni Superstore has launched 24-hour operations starting today at its Radheradhe location in Bhaktapur. Panu Paudel, Chief Operating Officer of Bhatbhateni, explained that this step was taken to provide more convenient shopping services to consumers. Government spokesperson Sasmita Pokhrel praised the initiative as a new practice promoting the nighttime economy. September 17, Kathmandu.

Nepal’s largest retail chain, Bhatbhateni Superstore, has begun operating around the clock starting today. The Bhaktapur-based Radheradhe branch initiated this new service from today. Speaking with OnlineKhabar, COO Panu Paudel stated that the service was introduced for consumer convenience and ease. Paudel added, ‘Although this concept is new in Nepal, it is a trend internationally.’

According to him, one superstore each in the three districts of the Kathmandu Valley—Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, and Lalitpur—will be open 24 hours. The service started in Bhaktapur today and will soon expand to the Krishna Galli store in Patan, Lalitpur, and the Tangal store in Kathmandu. Preparations are underway to begin 24-hour operations at the Tangal store from September 10. Paudel also mentioned that based on the first day’s experience, the effort needs further expansion. Since operations continue overnight, relevant local authorities have been notified to ensure security measures.

‘We have informed the concerned authorities, and there are no security issues,’ Paudel said. Government spokesperson and Minister for Education and Sports, Sasmita Pokhrel, also commended the effort during a report at the Bhatbhateni Superstore. She stated, ‘This was necessary for nighttime life in the Kathmandu Valley and is also economically positive.’ The government will provide necessary support for this initiative, she added.

Consumer Feedback – Many shoppers had difficulty finding time during the day, but now it’s easier. The new 24-hour service launched by Bhatbhateni has become popular among consumers. Most have expressed that they were unable to shop due to daytime work commitments but find nighttime shopping more convenient. A customer from Bauddha, who visited Bhatbhateni for shopping, said, ‘I couldn’t find time during the day because of work; now it has become easier.’ Customers also commented that improved security arrangements at night would enhance the experience further.

According to Bhatbhateni administration, only the first floor of the 24-hour stores will be open, offering grocery items. Paudel said, ‘After launching 24-hour operations in the three Kathmandu Valley stores, plans are underway to introduce similar services in Pokhara, which will further enhance consumer convenience.’

Operating 27 Stores Nationwide – Founded 42 years ago by businessman Min Bahadur Gurung, Bhatbhateni Superstore started from Kathmandu’s Tangal and has now expanded to 27 stores nationwide. It reportedly generates annual revenue of 3.2 billion rupees and employs over 22,000 people. During the protests on September 7-8, 2005 (2072 B.S.), many stores suffered arson, vandalism, and looting, causing significant financial losses for the company. However, Bhatbhateni reinvested without affecting any employee’s job and successfully reopened all stores.

Raids on Scam Call Center in Islamabad: 258 Foreign Nationals Arrested

Written by space4knews on . Posted in International.

In Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, police raided an illegal scam call center and arrested 258 foreign nationals. Among those detained were 40 Chinese, 170 Vietnamese, and individuals from other countries. According to an official from Pakistan’s federal intelligence agency, the individuals, who had entered on tourist visas, are currently under investigation, and the respective embassies have been informed.

The raid, conducted on Monday, included around 40 Chinese citizens. “They were operating a scam call center in the Gulberg Green residential area located on the outskirts of Islamabad,” the official told AFP. He further added, “They came to Pakistan on tourist visas and were engaged in unauthorized activities.”

The detainees have been placed in Rawalpindi jail. The official stated, “The relevant embassies have been notified, and charges against the detainees will be publicly disclosed in the near future as the investigation continues.” Media reports indicate the arrests took place last week. AFP has reached out to the Chinese Foreign Ministry for comments. A similar raid in July 2025 led to the arrest of 149 individuals, including 71 Chinese nationals.

‘Like Narada Muni, Information Can Instantaneously Reach Another Place’ — Possibility of Information Transfer via Quantum Technology

Written by space4knews on . Posted in Business.

News Summary

Reviewed and prepared.

  • Dr. Yadav Prasad Kandel, a Nepali scientist at IBM USA, is conducting significant research in quantum physics and computing.
  • He has played a crucial role in developing technology to successfully teleport information by entangling electron qubits on quantum chips.
  • With advancements in quantum computers, substantial progress is expected in discovering medicines for complex diseases and addressing climate change challenges.

On the occasion of International Youth Day, Dr. Yadav Prasad Kandel, featured in the recently published ‘Top 40 Under 40’ list, is a renowned quantum scientist. Holding a PhD in Quantum Physics from the University of Rochester, USA, he works as a scientist for IBM, one of the world’s leading technology companies. Here, Dr. Kandel explains what quantum science is and how it currently and will potentially impact society:

What is quantum physics? Please explain it in simple terms for general understanding.

Quantum physics is like the most fundamental language of nature. Its research began nearly a century ago. Nature operates differently at different levels. Generally, we understand the world through shape, weight, and motion.

However, the universe includes much bigger entities such as stars and galaxies, as well as much smaller particles like atoms, electrons, and protons. The strange behaviors of these tiny particles cannot be explained by classical science or Newtonian laws. Quantum physics is the science that explains the energy, interaction, and behavior of these microscopic particles.

Just as people behave differently alone or in groups, atoms and molecules also behave differently when isolated or grouped. All objects are made of microscopic particles, and understanding their intrinsic nature requires quantum physics, which studies microscopic waves of light and sound.

For example, in ancient mythology, Narada Muni is said to travel instantly from one place to another; similarly, quantum physics allows information to instantly reach from one spot to another through what is known as quantum teleportation. However, it is only information that is transferred, not physical objects or particles.

What is the difference between classical physics and quantum physics?

Physics is broadly divided into classical and quantum physics. Classical physics studies everyday phenomena like plants growing and the effects of force, while quantum physics explains the strange and amazing events in the microscopic world.

For instance, common sunlight can be explained by classical physics, but the behavior of laser light cannot. Modern technologies require purification and measurement of materials at the atomic level, which quantum physics facilitates.

How did your interest in quantum physics develop?

Quantum physics is studied theoretically in Nepal, and I have always been eager to acquire new knowledge. Initially, I was interested in astronomy, but it was largely explained by classical physics. However, quantum physics presents concepts like ‘superposition’, ‘entanglement’, and ‘teleportation’, which fascinated me greatly.

I began my research by conducting studies and simulations in my own lab and later advanced the field through laboratory work.

What research did you undertake during your PhD, and what discoveries did it reveal?

During my PhD, my main focus was designing quantum chips and testing hypotheses related to them. Unlike traditional digital computers, quantum computing involves creating qubits, and my work centered on this.

My research focused on entanglement and teleportation. Since measuring the properties of electron qubits on silicon wafers is challenging, I developed a technique to entangle qubits by controlling electrons in a square grid. Using teleportation technology, I successfully transferred the information of one qubit to another.

Your PhD research was published in the journal ‘Nature’. Despite the technology’s development, what impact does it have?

In classical computers, information remains unchanged when observed, but qubits in quantum computers lose coherence upon measurement. Therefore, quantum information cannot be sent directly through wires nor can it be copied because of the no-cloning theorem. Thus, entangled particles allow secure information teleportation without destruction, forming the foundational basis for data transfer in new quantum computers.

What are current quantum computers capable of, and what future possibilities do you see?

Digital computers suffice for daily tasks, but quantum computers are essential for complex calculations and deep research. They enable simulation of intricate chemical processes and play a significant role in studying climate change.

Quantum computers are addressing problems that even the largest supercomputers can only estimate. Among 118 chemical elements, only hydrogen’s properties are fully understood; quantum computing will simplify drug development and creation of new materials.

Currently, quantum computers are not replacements for digital ones but are used for solving problems considered impossible with traditional means.

I believe the first practical uses will be in drug discovery. Quantum computing will also impact cybersecurity, capital markets, and financial trading.

What kind of research are you currently conducting at IBM?

At IBM, I work similarly to university labs but within a major technology company researching future technologies. I engage in fundamental physics research addressing the challenges and critical technologies in quantum computing.

Are you continuing the research from your PhD?

Yes, it is an extension of that research. I focus on basic research without immediate product development, guiding the way for future quantum computers.

What is the current level of government and private sector investment in quantum computing?

Quantum research began in the 1990s. Initially, governments and universities invested. Now, there is intense competition, with the US, China, Europe, and Australia allocating substantial budgets. IBM has announced plans to invest $1 billion over the next five years.

What is the biggest achievement in quantum computing so far?

The greatest achievement is the ability to simulate chemicals. Quantum computers have improved solutions to problems digital supercomputers couldn’t solve, aiding in treating complex diseases and developing new technologies.

How will quantum computing contribute to healthcare and the economy?

There is ongoing competition among global powers due to economic and strategic importance. Controls on technology exports are increasing. Similar to the space race in the 1960s, there is now a race to build the first fully operational quantum computer.

This will revolutionize new economic structures and technological innovation. Like AI, quantum computing is expected to have a profound future impact.

When can we expect fully practical quantum computers?

IBM plans to develop a prototype computer by 2029 that safeguards data against environmental effects. The goal is to create fully capable large quantum computers by 2033.

Are you involved in this roadmap?

Yes, I am part of the fundamental physics research team. In 2019, Google claimed quantum supremacy; now, the industry is advancing towards quantum advantage.

Have quantum computing benefits already begun to materialize?

Yes, benefits have started. IBM’s quantum processors are accessible via the cloud. By 2033, systems with thousands of qubits are expected to be developed.

What is the research environment at IBM?

The TJ Watson Research Center has a long, rich history. Magnetic swipe cards for debit and credit and early digital computing devices were developed here. The research culture prioritizes careful results over rushing but is enthusiastic about new discoveries.

What unusual phenomena have been discovered in quantum computing so far?

Quantum principles are fascinating. For example, a digital computer’s stored ‘one’ remains static, but a quantum qubit changes its state upon measurement.

Quantum particles exhibit both wave and particle properties, allowing electrons to tunnel through barriers despite electric fields confining them.

Like ancient mythology, information can instantly transfer from one place to another without wires or physical medium, called ‘quantum teleportation’.

Science and technology know no geographic or political boundaries. Nepali scientists and technologists are making significant contributions to world-class advanced technologies and quantum computing.

Two entangled microscopic particles can be located at opposite corners of the world, yet information can transfer between them without any wire or physical medium. This is not like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi; quantum teleportation involves no intermediary and no disturbance.

How do you see the status of students and scientists progressing from basic education to advanced research in Nepal?

Science and technology have no political borders. Nepali scientists contribute significantly to world-class technologies and advanced research.

Because Nepal lacks capacity for high-risk and high-investment research, many scientists are abroad. However, Nepali-origin scientists are now playing roles worthy of pride on the global stage.

Once fully developed, how can a country like Nepal, which is economically and infrastructurally weak, benefit from this technology?

Technology has two sides — producing it and consuming it. Nepal may not manufacture hardware but can engage in theoretical study and software development at its universities. Since technology is accessible via cloud, research and development can be done within Nepal, greatly benefiting the country.

Does this mean universities should start preparing now?

Yes, delayed preparation will cause setbacks and slow technology adoption.

Do you have any plans to contribute personally or institutionally in Nepal?

While at IBM I cannot directly contribute, collaboration with companies and research institutions is possible. Although cloud-based quantum computing incurs fees, researchers can receive funded free access. Thus, initiatives to provide access and support to Nepali researchers can be undertaken.

What plans do you have to contribute to Nepalese society in the future?

Currently, I focus on experimental research. In 5 to 10 years, I plan to return to Nepal with additional expertise to establish a research center, work as a university professor or partner, and prepare future generations.

We used to gain inspiration from professors’ experiences while studying, so I wish to return and guide the new generation in Nepal.

Nigerian Ayetoro Coastal Village Threatened by Rising Sea Levels

Written by space4knews on . Posted in International.

The coastal settlement of Ayetoro in Nigeria faces an existential crisis as rising sea levels increasingly threaten the area, forcing local residents to repeatedly relocate over the years. A study spanning 1987 to 2022 revealed that the Ayetoro coastline has receded by an average of 15 meters annually, leading to the destruction of critical physical infrastructure. The intrusion of seawater has contaminated drinking water supplies, severely impacting health and education sectors and resulting in negative psychological effects among children.

Located in southern Nigeria, Ayetoro’s coastline has been steadily shrinking each year due to rising sea levels. Debris from houses washed away by the encroaching sea has spread across the remaining land. While families displaced by flooding have attempted reconstruction further inland, the advancing sea repeatedly threatens their resettlements.

Traditional king Olubambe Ojagbohunmi of Ayetoro shared a photo taken fourteen years ago, explaining, “At that time, there were buildings here, but none of those remain today.” According to him, the palace once housed around 100 rooms, whereas now only about a dozen remain. He described hearing waves hitting the walls of his bedroom at night as the sea approaches closer.

The intrusion of seawater has also affected Ayetoro’s healthcare and education systems. The community’s only health center has been flooded at times, with health worker Omomi Oluwasen reporting that water occasionally reaches the windows. Contamination from seawater has increased the risk of waterborne diseases such as typhoid and diarrhea. As climate change drives sea levels higher, coastal settlements like Ayetoro in Nigeria face escalating threats to housing, health, education, and livelihoods.