A 21-year-old man named Sasan Azadvar Jogani has been executed in Iran following his arrest during anti-government protests. He was detained in January on charges of throwing stones and sticks at a minibus carrying government officials. Azadvar was executed at Dastgerd Prison in Isfahan.
His funeral took place on Thursday afternoon in a “secure area,” with government permission allowing only 10 close relatives to attend. The judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran stated that Azadvar participated in the protests with the intent to destabilize the government and specifically targeted government officials. According to the judiciary, he had admitted to encouraging his friends to join the demonstrations.
The Asset Investigation Commission established by the government has been granted the authority to investigate the properties of senior political office holders and officials who have been in power since the Vikram Samvat year 2062/63, including former judges and senior military officers. According to a notice published in the Gazette, upon receiving complaints, the commission may submit written requests to relevant agencies to investigate serving military officers, sitting judges, and other officials beyond its immediate jurisdiction. Following Prime Minister Balendra Shah’s assumption of office earlier this month, a five-member commission was formed under the chairmanship of former Supreme Court Justice Rajendra Kumar Bhandari.
Initially, the commission has been empowered for a one-year term to collect, verify, and examine the assets of officials in office from fiscal year 2062/2063 to the end of Chaitra month 2082/83. In a subsequent phase, it is also tasked with investigating the assets of senior officials from Vikram Samvat 2048 to fiscal year 2061/2062. The commission holds jurisdiction over high-ranking officials across all three branches: the executive, judiciary, and legislature.
The commission is actively investigating the assets of Prime Ministers, Ministers, State Ministers, and Assistant Ministers from both the current Government of Nepal and the former Rana regime. Additionally, officials appointed under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal (2047), the Interim Constitution (2064), and the current Constitution, including heads and staff of constitutional bodies and former judges, fall within the scope of the investigation. The commission also has authority to probe the assets of the Governor, directors, Deputy Governors, Executive Directors, and first-class gazetted or higher-level officials of Nepal Rastra Bank.
The commission is empowered to refer cases to the federal government if, during its investigations, it finds evidence that an official or employee has acquired assets unlawfully. This includes undisclosed property details warranting further inquiry and potential action by the relevant agencies. The notification emphasizes that the commission must operate independently, impartially, and professionally, without succumbing to any pressure or influence.
The Asset Investigation Commission, established by the government, has been granted the authority to examine the assets of high-ranking political officials and employees in power since the Nepali calendar year 2062/63, including former judges and senior military officials.
According to notices published in the Nepal Gazette, the Commission may submit a written request to the relevant authorities to investigate serving military officers, sitting judges, and other officials not currently on duty if a complaint is received.
Following Prime Minister Balendra Shah’s assumption of office, a five-member commission was formed earlier this month, chaired by former Supreme Court Justice Rajendra Kumar Bhandari.
The Commission’s mandate spans an initial one-year term, focusing on asset collection, verification, and investigation of officials serving from fiscal year 2062/63 to the end of Chaitra 2082/83. Subsequently, in a second phase, it is tasked with investigating the assets of high-ranking officials from Bikram Sambat 2048 to fiscal year 2061/62.
Who Can the Commission Investigate?
Image Source, Supreme Court of Nepal
Formed under Section 3 of the 2026 Investigation Act by the Cabinet meeting, the Commission is authorized to investigate assets held inside or outside the country linked to individuals holding public office currently, retired, removed, or related family members.
The Nepal Gazette clarifies the Commission’s duties, stating that when requesting asset details, concerned agencies must provide or confirm the information within 15 days.
The Commission holds jurisdiction over investigating high-ranking officials across the Executive, Judiciary, and Legislature branches.
According to official gazette references, the Commission will investigate the assets of Prime Ministers, ministers, state ministers, and assistant ministers from both the Nepal government and the former His Majesty’s Government.
Similarly, members of parliament, legislative assembly members, constituent assembly members, as well as constitutional body heads and officials appointed under the Constitutions of 2047, the Interim Constitution of 2064, and the current constitution, along with former judges, fall under the scope of investigation.
Retired senior officers of the Nepal Army with first-class or high-level rank, as well as heads and staff of the Nepalese Embassies and diplomatic missions, will also have their assets scrutinized.
The Commission is empowered to investigate the assets of provincial chief ministers, state ministers, assistant ministers, provincial assembly members and officials, district coordination and development committee members, and local-level chief, deputy chief, chairpersons, and vice-chairpersons.
With an amendment published on Baishakh 2 and a subsequent notice this week, the Commission was also granted authority to investigate assets of the Attorney General, Chief Attorney, Parliamentary Service, National Human Rights Service, and health service staff.
Additionally, employees with first-class or equivalent or higher rank in the civil service, Nepal Police, Armed Police Force, and National Investigation Department are also subject to asset investigation.
Officers at the second-class (Undersecretary) level who have served as heads of those agencies will also come under the Commission’s investigative ambit.
Investigations Extend From Governors to Advisors of the President and Prime Minister
The Commission is also authorized to investigate the assets of the Governor of Nepal Rastra Bank, directors of the board, deputy governors, executive directors, and other first-class or higher-ranked staff.
Similarly, heads, directors, executive directors, general managers, managing directors, and CEOs of government-established banks and financial institutions, as well as commissions, establishments, authorities, boards, committees, and centers under the Nepal Government, fall under the Commission’s investigatory scope.
The Commission is empowered to probe assets of officials affiliated with public enterprises wholly or partially owned by the Nepal Government, including officials at grant-receiving universities and establishments, as well as first-class or higher-ranked staff.
Advisors, private secretaries, and personal secretaries appointed by the President, Vice President, Prime Minister, Chief Justice, Speaker, Chairman of the National Assembly, and provincial chief ministers along with the heads of constitutional bodies are also subject to investigation.
The Commission’s mandate includes investigating the illegal concealment or transfer of assets within or outside the country under the names of oneself or relatives.
In investigations relating to suspected assets hidden abroad, the Commission may coordinate and communicate with Nepalese diplomatic missions, Interpol, and other investigative agencies.
Experts suggest that conducting such investigations internationally may face legal and technical challenges, thus recommending Nepal establish mutual legal assistance agreements with the relevant countries.
Among political officials and employees holding public responsibility, the Commission has been directed to identify individuals with a higher likelihood of amassing wealth through corruption and prioritize their investigations.
The Commission must conduct detailed study of increases in family and legally acquired assets, maintaining both personal and public dignity of officials during investigations, which are to be conducted confidentially.
Priority for investigation shall be given to those who have faced departmental actions, show disproportionate economic status, or are heads and staff of offices with direct public interaction like tax, land, and transport administration, or are employed in offices considered high-risk for corruption.
The Commission can collect complaints and, after issuing a public notification for 30 days, request individuals within its jurisdiction to provide information, evidence, or details regarding any allegedly illegally acquired assets.
Government Retains Authority to Dissolve the Commission
Image Source, Getty Images
If investigations reveal factual and proven instances of illegal asset acquisition by officials or employees, the federal government is empowered to recommend further inquiries and actions to the relevant authorities, including examinations related to undisclosed assets.
The Commission is chaired by former Supreme Court Justice Rajendra Kumar Bhandari and includes members such as former Appellate Chief Justice Purushottam Parajuli, former High Court Justice Chandiraj Dhakal, former Deputy Inspector General of Police Ganesh KC, and former Institute of Chartered Accountants Nepal President Prakash Lamsal.
Acting Chief Justice Sapana Pradhan Malla administered the oath of office and secrecy to Chairperson Bhandari last Wednesday, who then administered oaths to the members, after which the Commission officially commenced its activities.
The notice underscores that the Commission shall operate independently, impartially, and professionally, free from any pressure or influence. It is permitted to use reports, data, and recommendations submitted previously by other commissions, committees, or agencies as references during investigations.
The Nepal Government retains the right to dissolve the Commission if deemed necessary. Upon dissolution or completion of its task, all records must be handed over to the Commission Against Corruption.
If the Commission’s chairperson, members, or secretariat staff violate the Constitution or laws or fail to act honestly, the Nepal Government can dismiss them according to regulations.
The Prime Minister and Cabinet office will manage human resources for the Commission, with an initial plan to allocate a staff of 38 personnel.
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Sanjoy Bik, involved in the murder of Suku Bik from Tanahun Bhimad and other crimes, was arrested on 18th Baisakh in Pokhara. The police had faced a significant challenge following the murder of Suku at a hotel located in the busy Nagdhunga area of Pokhara. Questions arose around the police investigation and security measures as the suspect remained at large for an extended period. It took over eight months for the police to track down the accused at Unique Hotel, Nagdhunga. Eventually, Sanjoy Bik, aged 29 from Galikot Municipality–9, Malma, Baglung, was apprehended in the first week of Shrawan 2081 (mid-July 2024). On Jestha 27, 2083 (mid-June 2026), the Kaski District Court sentenced him to life imprisonment. Investigations revealed that Sanjoy lured 38-year-old Suku to the hotel, proposed sexual contact, and upon her refusal, strangled her to death before fleeing with her gold jewelry. Based on this investigation, the court imposed life imprisonment and a fine of 70,000 rupees.
During the series of crimes and the Janajati Movement, Sanjoy went into hiding. On Bhadra 24 (early September 2025), during a prison break at Pokhara prison, several inmates, including Sanjoy, escaped. Subsequently, he committed another murder and robbery in Nawalpur. While in hiding since the escape, Sanjoy managed to evade the police. On Chaitra 23, 2082 (early April 2026), in Tangikot Tole, Devchuli, Nawalparasi, he attacked and robbed gold jewelry from a 75-year-old husband and his 71-year-old wife. Jiuun Ram Thanet and his wife Gulbasniya Thanet were assaulted in their sleep; their heads were struck, and gold jewelry stolen. Despite being taken unconscious by relatives to the Old Medical College in Bharatpur, Chitwan, Jiuun Ram Thanet died immediately.
After escaping from jail in Bhadra, Sanjoy’s new murder in Nawalpur posed a further major challenge for law enforcement. The police mobilized a task force in Aswin 2082 (mid-September 2025) to apprehend him, but he remained at large. Committing another murder seven months post-escape led to increased concerns. A joint team from the Central Investigation Bureau (CIB), Nepal Provincial Police Office Pokhara, and District Police Office Nawalparasi (Bardaghat Susta East) was deployed. Finally, Sanjoy was arrested in Nawalpur. He had made acquaintances with women to hide, living secretly in Kathmandu at the home of a relative of his girlfriend. Police arrested him on Baisakh 15, 2083 (late May 2026). The team including the CIB handed him over to the Nawalpur District Police Office. He has been given a seven-day investigation extension by the district court. According to Nawalpur Police Chief Yuvaraj Khadka, Sanjoy will be placed either in Kaski or Nawalpur prison per the court’s verdict. SP Khadka noted that a special police unit succeeded in arresting Sanjoy. Sources in the police revealed Sanjoy frequently formed relationships with women, engaged in sexual activities, and committed robberies at various locations.
Sanjoy had a previous theft case registered against him in Asad 2072 (June 2015). On Mangsir 5, 2080 (mid-November 2023), he murdered Suku from Tanahun Bhimad in a hotel. He was sent to prison for trial on Shrawan 29, 2081 (mid-August 2024), and on Jestha 27, 2082 (mid-June 2025), the district court sentenced him to life imprisonment. Serious criminals who escaped during the Janajati Movement, such as Sanjoy, have continued to engage in serious crimes nationwide, including murder, drug trafficking, and rape, posing a major security challenge. Following the prison break on Bhadra 24, 2082 (early September 2025), when 773 inmates escaped from Kaski prison, 130 remain at large, according to Jhnakanath Paudel, acting administrator of Kaski prison.
“Ancient grains” refer to those grains that have remained virtually unchanged for hundreds of years, unlike grains such as wheat, which humans have bred and modified over thousands of years. These ancient grains retain genetic traits inherited from their wild ancestors. Their popularity is rising today, and they are often claimed to be highly beneficial for health. For example, ancient grains are considered richer in nutrients compared to modern refined grains. But do these ancient grains really offer more advantages than the commonly consumed grains today?
Research on the nutrition of ancient versus modern grains reveals differences between the widely consumed modern grains and the lesser-available ancient varieties. Both types of grains can be consumed either in unrefined or processed forms. However, modern grains have been developed through specific agricultural practices aimed at higher yields and better taste. The wheat and maize we eat today have been progressively modified over thousands of years by farmers crossbreeding different varieties.
According to researchers, one of the first domesticated grains in ancient times was ‘Emmer’ wheat. Its cultivation began in the Levant region (present-day Eastern Mediterranean and Western Asia) approximately 9,700 years ago and is believed to have spread worldwide with the progress of Neolithic agriculture. Ancient grains denote varieties that have survived to this day without substantial genetic intervention by humans.
Today, many ancient grains are being reintroduced into modern diets, with several varieties receiving conservation status. However, these varieties are generally less attractive to farmers. Professor Chris Seal of Newcastle University, specializing in Food and Human Nutrition, explains that farmers tend to choose modern species due to their higher productivity. “Ancient grains do not perform well under modern agricultural systems,” he clarified.
One significant advantage of ancient grains is that many contain little to almost no gluten. Millets are a different class of grassy species compared to modern wheat, while quinoa is a seed commonly found in leafy vegetables like spinach. Seal noted that people sensitive to gluten can often consume quinoa safely. Some studies have even shown that quinoa consumption can improve early-stage type 2 diabetes.
Climate change and its impact have become major challenges for crop production worldwide, playing a key role in the revival of ancient grains. Some ancient grains can be cultivated in harsh environments and require fewer pesticides, potentially making them important for ensuring future food security.
Bogard stated, “We have neglected many grain species. Ancient farming focused on balanced diets.” Miller Jones also agrees that consuming a variety of grains provides a broad spectrum of micronutrients.
File Photo, 18th Baisakh, Dhangadhi – Police have arrested 10 individuals caught gambling at a hotel in Dhangadhi, Kailali. Acting on a tip-off, police raided Rohit Hotel located in Hassanpur, Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City Ward No. 5, where the group was playing cards. The 10 individuals were detained along with cash in possession.
The arrested include hotel owner 42-year-old Kaluram Chaudhary, as well as 38-year-old Birendra Thapa, 24-year-old Rohit Khadka, 20-year-old Chris Bam, 33-year-old Padam Thakulla, 29-year-old Anil Chaudhary, 51-year-old Biru Saud, 41-year-old Tikaram Khanal, 43-year-old Ramkrishna Chaudhary, and 18-year-old Bibek Saud.
The raid was conducted at around 8:30 pm last night by a team led by Balram Pandey, Chief Police Inspector of the Ward Police Office in Dhangadhi. Police spokesperson, Deputy Superintendent of Police (DSP) Yogendra Timilsina, stated that 59,290 Nepali rupees in cash and a pack of playing cards were recovered from the group. DSP Timilsina added that necessary investigations are ongoing.
The government has begun operating bulldozers today to clear over half a dozen unauthorized informal settlements along riverbanks in Kathmandu.
Nepal Police, Armed Police, and Metropolitan Police have been deployed to assist in the bulldozing operations.
The administration has urged residents to vacate homes immediately, relocate the sick and elderly to safe locations, and seek security support if needed.
April 30, Kathmandu – The government is undertaking bulldozing operations today in all informal settlements situated along riverbanks within Kathmandu.
The targeted areas include Banshighat in Ward No. 11, Balkhu in Ward No. 14, Swayambhu in Ward No. 15, Balaju in Ward No. 16, as well as Samakhushi, Khadipakha, and Ranibari located within Wards No. 3 and 26 of the Kathmandu Metropolitan City.
To carry out these operations, Nepal Police, Armed Police Force, and Metropolitan Police have been deployed. The administration has warned that any damages resulting from refusing to vacate the premises will be the responsibility of the individuals themselves.
The District Administration Office of Kathmandu issued a statement on Wednesday informing that the clearing of settlements will begin simultaneously at 7 a.m. on April 30.
The notice stated that informal settlements constructed over government, public, or private land within various municipalities of Kathmandu District along riverbanks will be vacated in a humane manner today, taking into account disaster risks, by evacuating residents from multiple locations at once.
Following government announcements aired via loudspeakers regarding bulldozing, residents of the informal settlement near Dhobikhola in Anamnagar began vacating their homes starting Thursday.
Earlier, bulldozers were already active from April 24 in several settlements located in Thapathali, Gairigaun, Sinamangal, Manohara, and other areas. The administration has confirmed preparations to move bulldozers to the remaining locations from today.
Residents living in the areas slated for clearing have been requested by the administration to take immediate action on thirteen specific measures.
The administration’s requested tasks are as follows:
1. Vacate houses immediately in the high-risk settlements.
2. Safely relocate family members who are ill, disabled, elderly, pregnant, recently delivered, or very young children to secure locations.
3. Seek assistance from Nepal Police, Armed Police Force, or Metropolitan Police if there is a need to rescue sick, disabled, chronically ill, or elderly individuals. Ambulances will be on standby for hospital transportation.
4. Remove personal belongings, clothes, as well as livestock and poultry. Police and municipal authorities will provide assistance if necessary.
5. Fully vacate homes by the evening of April 29, 2026 (Baisakh 17, 2083 Bikram Sambat).
6. Those in genuine need of shelter will be accommodated in government-arranged facilities.
7. Identification of truly landless individuals and families will be conducted, with sustainable solutions to their problems addressed promptly.
8. Humanitarian aid and rescue efforts will be ensured. Residents are advised not to fall for misinformation or pressure tactics.
9. Legal action will be taken against those identified as falsely claiming landless status.
10. Security, physical safety, and constitutionally guaranteed rights will be protected.
11. Cooperation with the government’s ongoing campaign is a civic duty.
12. Arrangements for children’s education will be provided by the government.
13. The administration has cautioned that failure to comply will result in individuals bearing full responsibility for any damages incurred as their homes are demolished.
April 30, Kathmandu – The Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration has issued a letter urging all municipalities and rural municipalities to identify genuine squatters within their jurisdictions. Alongside this, the ministry has directed local bodies to develop plans for immediate alternative arrangements and, if necessary, collaborate with district administration offices to remove encroachments. This directive was formalized in a circular released on Thursday.
The National Association of Rural Municipalities and the Nepal Association of Municipalities expressed their concerns on Thursday morning through a statement, objecting to the collection of data on squatters by the Nepali Army. The army, however, clarified that the information was being gathered solely for disaster management purposes.
On the same day, the Ministry of Home Affairs sent letters to Chief District Officers across the country, instructing them to coordinate with relevant agencies to identify encroachments on government and public lands within their districts. These officers were also directed to prepare plans for removal of these encroachments and present them to the ministry. Furthermore, the ministry emphasized the need for security arrangements and necessary facilitation during the eviction operations.
Both the Nepali Army and Nepal Police had previously corresponded with municipalities to collect information about squatters. Some municipalities in Bardiya have already protested against this initiative. The government has launched campaigns to remove illegal settlements across various locations in the country, including Thapathali, Gairigaun, and Manohara in Kathmandu.
President Ram Chandra Paudel has sought legal advice concerning two of the seven ordinances sent by the government, specifically those regarding the Constitutional Council and the cancellation of political appointments. Paudel had previously returned the ordinance on the Constitutional Council to Parliament, citing a violation of the constitutional principle that decisions must be made by majority vote. Legal experts have recommended that consultations be held with the Prime Minister and that the ordinance be reconsidered before being introduced during a parliamentary recess. Kathmandu, 17 Baisakh — Amidst the government’s submission of multiple ordinances for approval simultaneously, the President has consulted constitutional and legal experts. His primary concerns lie with the ordinances related to the Constitutional Council and the annulment of political appointments.
The President’s constitutional role does not permit him to routinely withhold the executive’s constitutionally compliant recommendations. However, if constitutional or legal obstacles arise, he is empowered to return the draft to the government for reconsideration. Hence, faced with the submission of numerous ordinances at once, he sought legal counsel. Earlier today, Himalyansh reported that the President had already issued ordinances concerning cooperatives and public procurement but was seeking legal opinions about the impact of the ordinances that abolish the Constitutional Council and political appointments. Legal advisors present in the discussion noted that President Paudel’s chief concern was with the ordinance on the Constitutional Council, followed by the ordinance concerning political appointment cancellations. He indicated no intention to block other ordinances but still requested advice. “I had previously returned the bill with a message regarding the Constitutional Council; more recently, I also returned an ordinance presented by the interim government,” the President stated. “Having returned such matters twice, it is necessary to consider whether to revise the previous stance.” Last year, in Shrawan, the then Parliament passed a bill that the President opposed and returned to the House of Representatives.
At that time, he pointed out that the constitutional norm requiring decisions to be made by majority vote was violated. According to Article 284 of the Constitution, the Constitutional Council comprises six members. The bill had allowed decisions by just three members, representing 50% of total members, to constitute a quorum. The President emphasized that in a democracy, decisions must be taken by majority, making the provision inconsistent with the Constitution. When returning the bill, he also elaborated on the principles of separation of powers, checks and balances. He stressed that the bill contravened constitutional norms of unanimity and proper recommendation procedures. The requirement for decisions to be made by a majority of total members was a point he underscored repeatedly. “The provision allowing decisions with a chair and half the members present empowers a minority, so reconsideration is necessary,” he had remarked.
Alongside the Constitutional Council bill rejected by Parliament, the ordinance proposed by the Sushila Karki-led government was submitted to the President, which included provisions for decisions by just three members. The President had refrained from promulgating that ordinance. Currently, with a government holding roughly a two-thirds majority, the ordinance recommending decisions by three out of six Constitutional Council members has posed a challenge for the President, prompting him to seek legal advice. Senior advocates Mahadev Yadav, Badri Bahadur Karki, Purnaman Shakya, Tikaram Bhattarai, and Dr. Bhimarjun Acharya participated in the discussions. Some suggested that the Prime Minister be summoned for consultations on the ordinance before the President shares his perspective.
“Consultations allow the President to communicate his constraints effectively, thereby mitigating any lack of dialogue. Therefore, such communication must commence immediately. Otherwise, written correspondence has also been proposed,” the legal experts explained. Senior advocate Dr. Bhimarjun Acharya suggested that discussions not only with the Prime Minister but also with political parties represented in Parliament would be advisable. Legal professionals emphasized the necessity of dialogue considering the parliamentary session is adjourned while multiple ordinances are being rapidly introduced. Senior advocate Tikaram Bhattarai stressed that the President must make decisions conducive to the Constitution’s protection when promulgating ordinances.
It has been reported that during consultations with legal experts, a thorough discussion on the Constitutional Council and appointment cancellations did not take place. The President is said to be deeply concerned due to constitutional disputes and the Parliament’s adjourned status, leading him to engage legal scholars for advice. One legal expert commented, “Even amidst the difficult post-people’s movement circumstances, I remain undeterred. I am committed to my constitutional responsibilities, which is why I have called for this consultation.”
April 30, Kathmandu – President Ram Chandra Paudel has promulgated an ordinance concerning public procurement. Following the government’s recommendation, President Paudel issued the Public Procurement (Second Amendment) Ordinance, 2083, according to presidential spokesperson Ritesh Kumar Shakya. This ordinance was issued under Article 114, Clause 1 of the Constitution.
On the same day, President Paudel also promulgated an ordinance related to cooperatives. The government had recommended several other ordinances for promulgation by the President as well. Among these were ordinances concerning the Constitutional Council, some Nepal Acts, health science institutions, universities, and the removal of public officials, which were also presented to the President. President Paudel is currently reviewing these additional ordinances. Earlier today, he held discussions on the ordinances with several legal experts at the Sheetal Niwas residence.
Police have arrested six individuals in connection with the theft of a one-and-a-half tola gold necklace and 10,000 rupees from a woman who had recently returned from overseas employment. Authorities stated that the suspects operated as a group, boarding public vehicles to execute snatching incidents, often targeting crowded places to steal jewelry. Among those arrested is 29-year-old Roshan Shrestha, who has been apprehended 13 times before and is identified as the main leader; other accused have also been involved in multiple cases. The incident was reported on 17 Baisakh in Kathmandu.
The woman, working abroad, arrived at Tribhuvan International Airport on 8 Baisakh. Around 3 p.m. that day, she boarded a public bus near the airport heading towards Koteshwor. Before reaching Koteshwor, her gold necklace weighing one-and-a-half tola was snatched from her neck, and her purse containing 10,000 rupees went missing. She filed a complaint at Gausala Police Station, reporting the theft of the jewelry and cash purchased with her foreign earnings. Similar snatching incidents had been reported to the police previously.
Upon investigation, police discovered an increasing number of such robberies targeting women returning from abroad. Gausala Police Station began investigating following the complaint. Through technical and manual investigation methods, the police successfully identified several individuals involved in targeted snatching crimes. Based on suspects seen in CCTV footage, six people were arrested. Those detained include 29-year-old Roshan Shrestha from Lalitpur Metropolitan City–8, 30-year-old Gange aka Gangabahadur Tamang from Namo Buddha Municipality–5, 35-year-old Karnesh Tamang Lama from Temal Rural Municipality–8, 28-year-old Sujan Lama from Temal–4, 31-year-old Ram Lama from Namo Buddha Municipality–5, and 31-year-old Amrit Bhulan from Panauti Municipality–6.
The campaign to remove squatters, initiated from Kathmandu under the leadership of Balendra Shah’s government, is gradually extending its focus to squatter settlements across the country. In Pathari Shanishchare, Morang, the issue of squatters has become particularly complex due to a dual ownership dispute, which has created conflicts between legal landowners and local occupants. Despite a Supreme Court ruling in 2013 (2070 BS), this dual ownership dispute remains unresolved, generating pressure between local government and the judiciary, with an expected six-month period for data collection.
On April 30 (17 Baishakh), Biratnagar – The government led by Balendra Shah, which began the squatter eviction campaign from Kathmandu, is now focusing on squatter settlements nationwide. Following the demolition of squatter settlements in Kathmandu using bulldozers, the government is preparing to document and manage such settlements. Although the nature of squatter issues is similar in most areas, the problem in Pathari Shanishchare municipality of Morang is distinct and more complicated. Here, a significant conflict exists that not only involves squatters but also a ‘dual ownership’ dispute.
What is the dual ownership dispute? A large group of people who cleared the forest and settled between 1973 and 1980 (2030 to 2036 BS) continue to live on the land. However, the legal ownership title (laalpurja) is registered under different individuals’ names. The government had provided land in Pathari Shanishchare to those displaced from the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in Sunsari and the Humsedumse area in Jhapa under a system called ‘satta bharna.’ Those who received satta bharna obtained legal possession certificates, but decades-old local occupants remain on the land after clearing the forest. When landowners attempt to claim their legal rights, resistance from the local occupants has repeatedly led to tensions in the area. “The dual ownership dispute is very deep here,” said Mohan Tumbapo, mayor of Pathari Shanishchare municipality. “Conflicts arise between legal landowners seeking to assert their rights and locals who have long settled there.”
In 2013 (2070 BS), a group of 19 people, including Dilli Prasad Prasain, who were unable to use the land registered under their names, petitioned the Supreme Court. The court ruled in favor of the petitioners and ordered arrangements for the land occupation issue to be resolved. Although multiple discussions were held with the Morang District Administration Office following the ruling, no solution was found. During the 2015 (2072 BS) protests, police intervention led to the detention of several leaders, including Zaharman Limbu, for 29 days. However, the landowners accused the government of not implementing the Supreme Court’s decision and filed a contempt of court case against the government. On June 24, 2025 (Ashad 10, 2082 BS), the court declared the government guilty of contempt, but the full text of the verdict has yet to be publicly released.
According to Mayor Tumbapo, the local government finds itself under double pressure. On one hand, there is fear of contempt charges for not enforcing the court order; on the other, thousands of citizens have lived on the land for decades. “We are caught between the risk of contempt of court and the pressure from long-term residents,” he said. The National Land Commission reports that 65,000 families in Morang have applied for land ownership, with over 10,000 families residing in Pathari Shanishchare. Mayor Tumbapo said the dual ownership problem is most intense in wards 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10, while wards 2, 5, and 6 are also affected by disputes. The district administration and the Nepali Army have sent letters to the municipality requesting documentation of squatter populations, a process estimated to take six months. However, the mayor notes that “this task is not straightforward.” “When survey teams go into wards, locals have thrown stones. It takes months to survey just one ward. Completing all wards cannot be done in less than six months,” he explained. “According to the constitution, such detailed documentation is not mandatory.”
Although the central government has adopted a policy to remove squatters, the unresolved dual ownership disputes in Pathari mean that these problems cannot be effectively addressed without resolving land ownership conflicts.
April 30, Kathmandu – KP Sharma Oli, Chairman of the Communist Party of Nepal (UML) and former Prime Minister, is currently recuperating at home after undergoing laparoscopic surgery to remove gallstones. According to Dr. Divya Singh, the physician providing him regular care, Oli’s health is gradually improving. However, full recovery will require more time. The surgery took place on April 13. Despite this, he has not appeared at any public events three weeks post-operation, leading to widespread concern about his health condition.
Dr. Singh stated, “His health is steadily improving after the surgery. He is able to walk around the house and engage in light social visits.” She denied any rumors regarding fever or further health deterioration, adding, “If there had been any issues, I would have been informed. I spoke with him this morning about his medication, and there are no concerns.” The gallstones were successfully removed via laparoscopy on April 13.
When asked about the reason for the slow recovery, Dr. Singh explained, “Due to his age, prior health complications, and the complexity of the case, his recovery has been somewhat slower compared to other patients.” Oli has undergone two kidney transplants and a heart angioplasty, and he continues to take medication regularly, which has influenced the pace of his recovery. She added, “Pre-existing health conditions and the history of kidney transplantation have contributed to the delayed healing process.”
Following the surgery, an infection developed on his chest but was brought under control within two days after starting medication, Dr. Singh reported. She also noted that the wound is healing gradually, and the stitches are yet to be removed.
April 30, Kathmandu – Businessman Navinkumar Agrawal was arrested for attempting to import 100 tons of banned charcoal by forging government documents. The Central Investigation Bureau (CIB) of Nepal Police apprehended Agrawal on Thursday from Adarshnagar, Ward No. 11, Birgunj Metropolitan City. Agrawal, 55, is the proprietor of Simbhin International Impex based in Kalikasthan, Kathmandu, with a permanent address in Birgunj-11, authorities confirmed.
According to Section 3 of the Export and Smuggling (Control) Act, 2017, the Government of Nepal issued a gazette notification on Chaitra 24, 2076 (April 6, 2020), placing a complete ban on the import of charcoal until further notice. However, Agrawal allegedly produced a fake permit using counterfeit letterhead, stamps, and forged signatures of the former Director General of the Department of Commerce Supply and Consumer Protection, and presented this forged document at the Birgunj Customs Office to import 100 tons of charcoal, the CIB reported.
“He had engaged in this fraudulent activity before. The investigation began once the CIB became aware of it,” said CIB spokesperson Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Shivbahadur Shrestha. The forgery was uncovered after the goods arrived at customs. “The banned items reached customs, and upon suspicion, customs reported to higher authorities. It was then revealed that the permit was forged,” he added.
The police stated that the customs department subsequently seized the goods. Authorities are investigating Agrawal under Chapter 25 of the Criminal Code, 2074, which deals with offenses related to documents. The CIB also noted that an arrest warrant was obtained from Kathmandu District Court for the investigation.
The Madhesh Province government has decided to assign responsibilities to junior staff members while sidelining senior employees. The Chief District Officer (CDO) of Infrastructure Development Office, Mahottari, Kartikesh Jha, was transferred after distributing letters transparently to consumer committees. Instead of controlling corruption, the government appears to be enabling employees to serve their own interests by adopting a regressive approach. 17 Baisakh, Janakpurdham. Following the Janjyotish movement on 23rd and 24th Bhadra, governance became a national concern. Balendra Shah has been moving forward with a commitment to establish good governance by correcting past mistakes and curbing corruption. Despite the ongoing national debate on good governance, the Madhesh government continues down the path of past errors.
The coalition government in Madhesh Province, led by Chief Minister Krishna Prasad Yadav of the Nepali Congress, remains on a backward trajectory. Practices such as excluding senior officials who follow the law and delegating responsibilities to juniors to serve vested interests are still prevalent in provincial offices. In Madhesh Province, priority continues to be given to consumer committees over contracts, with letters being distributed to consumer committees for direct benefits. Recent government decisions and incidents within subordinate bodies confirm this trend.
On 9 Baisakh, the cabinet meeting decided to marginalize senior staff and assign duties to junior officials. The federal administration service’s Undersecretary Birendra Kumar Mishra was transferred to the Madhesh Province Janalokpal Commission. This office has become a place to sideline employees. Established four years ago to control corruption and promote good governance, the commission has only officials and staff without any substantial achievements.
Mishra was sidelined as Secretary, while junior Undersecretary Chiranjivi Gautam was given the Secretary role at the Public Service Commission. According to an employee from the Chief Minister’s Office, Mishra was transferred to the Janalokpal Commission after failing to act favorably toward the commission chairperson. The Secretary of the Ministry of Labour and Transport, Yuvraj Adhikari, has been moved to the Chief Minister’s Office, with Ranjit Yadav appointed as acting Secretary in his place.
On 22 Chaitra, the Infrastructure Development Office in Mahottari sent letters to all 15 local governments and their ward offices to form 258 consumer committees for projects worth up to NPR 25 million, following legal procedures. These letters were published transparently on the office’s website. Previously, letters for consumer committees were distributed at the discretion of ministers, MPs, and their leaders and cadres. To regulate this, Kartikesh Jha introduced a transparent distribution policy. However, after his transparent step, the Madhesh government transferred him on 25 Chaitra without support.
These events demonstrate that instead of eliminating old faults and corruption, the Madhesh government seems committed to perpetuating them. According to an employee of the Chief Minister’s Office, despite the need for reform, the government is wasting the remaining time pursuing its own interests. “The federal government is committed to good governance, but the Madhesh government is moving in the opposite direction. Otherwise, why would such decisions be made?” the employee questioned.
