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Author: space4knews

स्ट्रेट अफ होर्मुज भएर आउ-जाउ गर्ने विदेशी जहाजबाट शुल्क उठाउँदै इरान, थप तनावको संकेत

Iran Decides to Impose Fees on Foreign Ships Passing Through Strait of Hormuz, Signaling Rising Regional Tensions

March 31, Kathmandu – The Security Committee of the Iranian Parliament has approved a plan to collect tolls from ships and oil tankers passing through the Strait of Hormuz, one of the world’s most critical oil transit routes. According to Iran’s official media outlet, Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB), this plan includes levying fees on all vessels transiting this strategic waterway, with a provision to impose a complete ban on American and Israeli ships.

The legislation passed by the parliamentary committee will require international vessels navigating through the Strait of Hormuz to pay transit fees. Iran states that this measure is intended to reinforce its sovereignty, cover security management expenses, and generate new sources of revenue. Currently, the Strait of Hormuz is recognized as an international maritime passage, granting all nations’ ships the right to free navigation.

Analysts suggest that Iran’s decision may conflict with international maritime law. The move is expected to face strong opposition from the United States and Gulf countries. Experts also warn that this could not only challenge the principle of freedom of navigation but might also introduce further volatility to global oil prices.

Iran claims it has the responsibility to ensure security in the Hormuz region and argues that charging fees in return is justified. This move is seen as an effort by Iran to legally establish its control and influence over the Strait of Hormuz. Local media report that the proposal aims to formally secure Iran’s sovereignty, control, and monitoring capabilities over the strait, while creating a new revenue stream. Iranian parliamentarian Mohammad Reza is quoted saying that charging fees on vessels passing through Hormuz is as natural as it is on other international routes.

Prime Minister Balendra Shah Delivers Three Key Messages to MPs

On Monday, Prime Minister Balendra Shah initiated dialogue with members of parliament from Koshi and Karnali provinces, addressing local issues and national matters. He expressed a commitment to prioritize development projects based on budgetary allocations and to distribute the budget equitably across all areas. Although MPs raised questions regarding the arrest of CPN party chairman KP Sharma Oli, Prime Minister Balendra remained silent on the topic.

Kathmandu, 30 March – Prime Minister Balendra Shah has begun discussions with members of parliament. According to the Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers, MPs were consulted to gather suggestions about problems in their constituencies, potential solutions, and work at the national level. On Monday, opinions were collected from MPs representing Koshi and Karnali provinces, with plans to hold province-level consultations with other MPs.

During the meeting at the Prime Minister’s Office, MPs from both provinces brought up local issues, development projects, budgeting, and social security. According to House of Representatives member Yagnamani Nyaupane, the collective provincial problems as well as constituency-specific concerns were conveyed to the Prime Minister. He stated, “The Prime Minister inquired about which issues require immediate resolution and the possible solutions.”

Prime Minister Balendra affirmed his commitment to give priority to development initiatives in accordance with the budget and to ensure equal budget distribution across all regions. However, he remained silent on certain topics raised by the MPs. Notably, MPs from the CPN UML party questioned him about the arrest of party chairman KP Sharma Oli.

Trade Unions Warn Against Dissolution; Unions Engage in Consultations

Second cabinet meeting led by Balendra Shah

Image source: PM Secretariat/RSS

Representatives of trade unions have issued a warning that the government’s decision to dissolve partisan trade unions within public administration is unacceptable to them.

In conversation with the BBC, union representatives revealed that they are consulting on possible actions should the government proceed with dissolving trade unions.

Following the government’s announcement to dissolve the trade unions, concerns are rising regarding the measures to be taken and the likely responses from unions.

A constitutional expert has noted that while the government’s move may be positive, implementing this decision will be challenging.

Various national trade union networks representing civil servants include the Nepal Civil Servants Union, Nepal Civil Servants Organization, Nepal National Civil Servants Organization, Unified Government Employees Organization, Independent Public Servants Employees Organization, and Madheshi Civil Servants Forum, all affiliated with political parties.

अमेरिकी डलरको भाउ बढ्यो, युरो, पाउण्ड, स्वीस फ्रयांक र अष्ट्रेलियन डलरको मूल्य घट्यो

US Dollar Exchange Rate Rises; Euro, Pound, Swiss Franc, and Australian Dollar Decline

The Nepal Rastra Bank announced today an increase in the value of the US dollar, while the exchange rates of the Euro, UK Pound Sterling, Swiss Franc, and Australian Dollar declined. Today, the US dollar’s buying rate is set at NPR 151.44 and the selling rate at NPR 152.04. The central bank has stated that exchange rates may be adjusted as necessary and that up-to-date rates are available on its website.

According to today’s exchange rates, although the US dollar appreciated, the Euro, UK Pound Sterling, Swiss Franc, and Australian Dollar saw decreases. The Euro’s buying rate today is NPR 174.04 and the selling rate NPR 174.73, compared to yesterday’s buying rate of NPR 174.27 and selling rate of NPR 174.96.

Today’s buying rate for the UK Pound Sterling is NPR 200.52 with a selling rate of NPR 201.32, down from yesterday’s buying rate of NPR 200.76 and selling rate of NPR 201.56. The Swiss Franc’s buying rate stands at NPR 189.48 and selling rate at NPR 190.23 today.

The Australian Dollar also declined today, with a buying rate of NPR 103.87 and a selling rate of NPR 104.28. Yesterday, it traded at a buying rate of NPR 104.06 and selling rate of NPR 104.48. The Indian Rupee’s buying and selling rates are NPR 160.00 and NPR 160.15, respectively. The Nepal Rastra Bank has emphasized that it can adjust exchange rates at any time as necessary.

Lumbini Province Launches Integrated Data Management Information System

The government of Lumbini Province has handed over the Provincial Data Management Information System to Chief Minister Chetan Narayan Acharya. Chief Minister Acharya stated that this system will play a crucial role in policy-making and decision processes based on data. The system includes 1,196 data variables, 34 sectoral developments, and 164 indicators, and will be accessible to 109 local governments within the province.

March 30, Butwal – The Provincial Government of Lumbini officially received the Provincial Data Management Information System. The system was handed over to Chief Minister Chetan Narayan Acharya by the Provincial Planning Commission. During a ceremony held on Monday, Chief Minister Acharya inaugurated the information system, emphasizing its vital role in enhancing data-driven policy formulation and decision-making.

Chief Minister Acharya highlighted the necessity of providing detailed information about the achievements of all three tiers of government to both the government and citizens. He also noted that the provincial government is pursuing various initiatives to increase transparency. Additionally, he assigned the Provincial Information Technology Institute the responsibility for the system’s regular updates and operations. Dr. Dilliraj Aryal, Vice Chairperson of the Provincial Planning Commission, shared that the system was developed with a focus on promoting good governance, delivering effective services, and ensuring accountability.

इतर समूह फेरि सक्रिय भएपछि कांग्रेसमा किचलो – Online Khabar

Internal Conflict in Congress: Rival Faction Reignites Activity

The breakaway faction of the Nepali Congress, distinct from the party’s founding group, has intensified internal disputes by launching parallel activities. From the day former Home Minister Ramesh Lalekar was arrested, this faction has begun operating in an official party style. Acting Chairperson Purna Bahadur Khadka has called a meeting of the central working committee elected by the 14th General Convention. Kathmandu, March 30.

The rival group within the Nepali Congress has resumed parallel activities, escalating internal tensions that had already surfaced ahead of elections. Following the arrest of former Home Minister Lalekar, faction leader Purna Bahadur Khadka, speaking as acting chairperson, issued a statement, bringing the conflict back into the limelight. The arrest has exposed divergent perspectives between the founding and the breakaway factions on the issue.

Since Lalekar’s arrest, this breakaway group has conducted party activities claiming official status. His arrest gave rise to two distinct Congress factions within the political landscape. After the Election Commission granted recognition to the leadership selected at the special general assembly, Khadka released a statement as acting chairperson using the party’s letterhead. Conversely, the official Congress leadership issued a statement without mentioning Lalekar’s name, criticizing the government’s recent actions as “selective.” However, the party clarified that no protest or agitation would be organized against this move.

Government Urges Strict Compliance with Maximum Workplace Temperature Standards

The government has urged strict adherence to the maximum workplace temperature standards established in 2082 BS. The Ministry of Labour had approved these standards on 30th Poush 2082 BS, categorizing work intensity into four groups—light, moderate, hard, and very hard—with specific temperature limits set for each.

16 Chaitra, Kathmandu. In line with the 2082 BS standard, the government has requested rigorous implementation of maximum permissible temperature levels at workplaces. Under the guidance of the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security, the Department of Labour and Occupational Safety strictly emphasized compliance with the standards in a letter issued on 15 Chaitra. The Ministry had formally approved these occupational temperature limits on 30th Poush 2082 BS.

To ensure workplaces are dignified and safe from an occupational health and safety perspective, the Department has called upon labour and employment offices, employers, workers, and stakeholders to effectively enforce the standards. Department spokesperson Maninath Gopal stated that failure to comply with the approved standards will result in legal action according to existing laws. The standards divide work into four categories: light, moderate, hard, and very hard.

According to the standard, the maximum wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) should be 32.2 degrees Celsius for light work, 30.6 degrees for moderate work, 28.9 degrees for hard work, and 26.9 degrees Celsius for very hard work. Light work includes tasks such as sitting or standing to control machines and performing simple hand operations like cutting with hand tools or handling light materials. Moderate work involves continuous hand and arm activity, including pushing or pulling light objects, rearranging chairs, and moving items back and forth.

Hard work consists of physically demanding tasks that affect muscles, such as lifting, digging, carrying, or pushing heavy objects, and walking at a fast pace. Very hard work includes extremely strenuous activities performed at high to maximum speeds. The standards also specify that air velocity at 1.5 meters above ground should exceed 1.5 meters per second. Furthermore, the wet bulb temperature must always be lower than the dry bulb temperature but equal at 100% relative humidity.

If work must be performed outside the prescribed temperature ranges, appropriate safety control measures must be implemented, such as the use of personal protective equipment and rotation of work shifts, as stipulated within the standards.

Amara Rai Appointed Chairperson of ANO Thailand Committee

March 29, Kathmandu – Amara Rai, a fifth-generation Thai-born individual, has been elected as the chairperson of the Association of Nepali Origin (ANO) Thailand Committee, an organization representing Nepali-origin citizens worldwide. The event took place on Sunday, March 29, in Bangkok, with the participation of Nepalese who were born in Thailand and those who have resided in Thailand and Burma for generations.

At the program, Nepal’s Ambassador to Thailand, Dhan Bahadur Oli, expressed his confidence that ANO’s efforts to preserve and transmit Nepali art, culture, language, and traditions among people of Nepali origin will bring positive results. He also recommended cooperating with local Nepali organizations to advance work in promoting the Nepali language and cultural heritage.

ANO General Secretary Chudamani Bhattarai announced that, following ANO’s request, the Nepalese government has arranged for Nepali-origin individuals arriving in Nepal to no longer have to wait in foreigner lines at the airport. Professor Dr. Mohan Dangi from California State University appreciated ANO’s agenda for expanding the sense of Nepali identity.

Dr. Khagendra Dhakal, Chairperson of Nepal Policy Institute and a professor based in Bangkok, expressed happiness that, unlike the Non-Resident Nepali Association which includes only up to three generations of Nepali, ANO serves as an organization inclusive of Nepalis beyond that lineage. The event also included the presence of ANO Board of Trustees member Vatsana Rai and Central Executive Committee member Raj Karmacharya. Under Amara Rai’s leadership, the ANO Thailand National Committee includes Milan Ghimire, Naresh Pandey, Sonia Rai, Amy Rai, Basanti Pradhan, Deepa Paudel, Asmita Nyaupane, Suman Karki, and Vicky Sinchuri.

‘टम्ब रेडर’ छायांकनमा सोफी टर्नर घाइते, सुटिङ रोकियो

Sophie Turner Injured on ‘Tomb Raider’ Set, Filming Paused for Two Weeks

Hollywood actress Sophie Turner sustained a minor injury during the filming of the Tomb Raider series, leading to a two-week suspension of production. The production team released a statement regarding Turner’s health, confirming that filming will remain halted until she fully recovers. The Tomb Raider series has been filming in the UK since early 2026, with Turner playing the lead role of Lara Croft.

Sophie Turner, famous for her role as Sansa Stark in Game of Thrones, was injured during the shoot of the internationally acclaimed Tomb Raider film series. Although the injury is not serious, the production has paused filming to allow her adequate rest. News of her injury quickly raised concerns among fans, prompting the producers to issue an update on her condition.

According to the production team, Turner’s injury is minor, but as a precaution, all filming and production work have been temporarily suspended until she has fully recovered. Filming is expected to resume soon. The shutdown of the Tomb Raider series production is anticipated to last about two weeks, during which the entire crew will continue to receive their salaries.

The series began filming at the start of 2026, and on January 15, the first look at Turner as Lara Croft was unveiled, receiving positive responses. The production is primarily taking place in the United Kingdom. This series is based on the globally popular Tomb Raider video game franchise, which follows the adventurous archaeological exploits of Lara Croft.

Since the first game’s release in 1996, the character has gained immense popularity. Several films based on the franchise have already been produced. Notably, Angelina Jolie portrayed Lara Croft in the 2001 movie “Lara Croft: Tomb Raider.” Now, Sophie Turner is set to take on the role of the new Lara Croft. Turner rose to fame as Sansa Stark in HBO’s Game of Thrones, a role she began playing at the age of 13. She has also appeared in films such as X-Men and Dark Phoenix.

India Grants Nepal 24-Hour Electricity Export Permission for Additional 15 Days

Summary

  • India’s Central Electricity Authority has approved 24-hour electricity export of 600 MW to Nepal from April 1 to 15.
  • From April 16 to 30, India will limit electricity export to Nepal between 2 AM and 6 PM daily.
  • Nepal imports electricity annually from India during winter to meet domestic demand and will continue receiving 24-hour supply until April.

April 16, Kathmandu – India’s Central Electricity Authority has extended its permission to export electricity to Nepal for an additional 15 days, allowing 24-hour supply. Earlier, the authorization for 24-hour export of 600 megawatts was valid until March 31; this has now been extended from April 1 to 15.

Following this period, from April 16 to 30, electricity export will be modified whereby India will supply power to Nepal only from 2 AM to 6 PM, with no export between 6 PM and 2 AM. Subsequently, from July 1 to August 31, 24-hour export of 600 megawatts will resume.

From May 1 to June 30, power supply will be limited to 16 hours daily, specifically from 4 AM to 8 PM, with a suspension from 8 PM until 4 AM.

The Central Electricity Authority under India’s Ministry of Power has granted Nepal Electricity Authority permission to import up to 600 megawatts through the 400 kV Muzaffarpur-Dhalkebar transmission line via the Indian Power Exchange.

Supply arrangements after April will be reviewed again in March. Accordingly, a revised schedule partially reducing supply hours has been published.

Due to reduced water flow in rivers and streams during winter leading to decreased hydroelectricity generation, Nepal habitually imports electricity from India annually to meet domestic demand.

According to Hitendra Dev Shakya, Executive Director of Nepal Electricity Authority, the available power will ensure 24-hour electricity supply until April, and the 16-hour export from May onwards will be sufficient to meet Nepal’s demand.

 

MP Karki Proposes ‘Pilot Project’ to Address Land and Squatter Issues

March 30, Kathmandu — MP Ganesh Karki of the Rastriya Swatantra Party has proposed the implementation of a ‘pilot project’ to resolve problems related to land and squatters. Karki put forward this suggestion during discussions with the Prime Minister involving directly elected MPs from Koshi Province.

Karki stated, “As issues concerning land and squatters are prevalent nationwide, the situation in Morang-3 is particularly complex and unique. Therefore, let us establish Morang-3 as a ‘pilot project’ area to address land and squatter problems, and use the experience gained there to expand solutions to other regions.”

बालेन सरकारको पनि प्राथमिकतामा परेन खेलकुद – Online Khabar

Sports Sector Overlooked in Balen Government’s Priorities

The sports sector has been excluded from the Balen government’s announced 100-point governance reform agenda, causing concern among stakeholders in the field. The government led by Balendra Shah has not included sports in its top 100 reform priorities. Suggestions have been made to allocate one percent of the budget for sports improvements and to collaborate with the private sector. Date: 16 Chaitra, Kathmandu.

The interim government, under the leadership of Sushmila Karki, had formed a committee on Poush 14 to prepare a good governance roadmap. This committee’s report emphasized transparency, accountability, and policy and legal reforms to bring good governance to the sports sector. On Chaitra 3, a committee led by Govind Bahadur Karki, Secretary of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers’ Office, submitted a report that included reform plans for sports.

The comprehensive 1,049-page report analyzed the condition, challenges, and transformative reform ways for Nepali sports. However, ten days after submission (Chaitra 13), the newly formed government led by Balendra Shah failed to prioritize sports. The 100-point governance reform agenda passed on Friday under the Balen administration did not include any measures related to sports.

Former Youth Minister Purushottam Paudel said, “Sports hold significant importance in Nepal’s context. Several sports like cricket have enhanced Nepal’s international reputation. Yet, the government does not seem to be giving them adequate priority.”

The good governance roadmap report highlighted delays in legislation and amendments aligned with the federal structure, issues in human resource management, and exposed various challenges in Nepali sports. These include the stalling of the National Sports Development Act amendment bill in the House of Representatives, unfilled posts in the National Sports Council (Rakhap), and weak regulatory and monitoring systems within the sports sector.

The report recommended setting timelines for continuous implementation, ensuring athlete participation in competitions, and providing service facilities. Immediate simplification and improvement were deemed necessary for the Sports Act amendments, approval processes, and grant management.

Accusations of Neglect by the Balen Government: Sports reform issues incorporated in the previous government’s good governance roadmap have been omitted from the Balen government’s 100-point agenda. Suvarna Shrestha, Executive Member of the National Sports Council (Rakhap), expressed disappointment that the government’s 100-point agenda failed to include sports.

“The 100 reform points are good, but sports is absent. I had hoped sports would be included in the first phase. A grassroots development plan would have been ideal,” she said, expressing expectations for future inclusion.

Deepak Shrestha, President of the Nepal National and International Players Association (NNIPA), voiced his sadness over the new government’s disregard for the sports sector. “There were high expectations from the new government regarding sports. The election manifesto of Rastriya Swatantra Party (Raswapak) had prioritized sports, but its absence from the agenda is disappointing,” he remarked.

Former Minister Paudel noted that the government only focuses on infrastructure development and overlooks sports. “The human and emotional aspects connected to sports are ignored. The government’s main attention goes elsewhere,” he explained.

At the time of assuming office, Sports Minister Sasmita Pokharel had promised to depoliticize the sports sector. Although Raswapak’s election manifesto emphasized correcting administrative errors, this commitment was missing from the 100-point agenda.

NNIPA President Shrestha remains concerned about the ongoing disregard for sports by the new government. “Looking at the 100-point agenda, it seems that, like other traditional parties, Raswapak’s view also does not consider sports seriously,” he stated, though he retains a small amount of hope.

Former Sports Minister Paudel highlighted that addressing talent drain is the current priority in sports. “Some infrastructure has been established where athletes can play. Therefore, it is essential to provide training and technology to retain talent and encourage athletes,” he emphasized.

He stressed that the new government should communicate confidence to athletes directly.

According to Suvarna Shrestha of Rakhap, designating one percent of the total budget for sports could enable significant progress. “One percent of the budget can achieve a lot. If we collaborate with the private sector, investments in sports can increase,” she added. She is confident that linking sports with tourism and economic resources will accelerate Nepal’s sports development significantly.

Finance Minister Dr. Swarnim Wagle Conducts Briefing at Customs Department

March 30, Kathmandu – Finance Minister Dr. Swarnim Wagle visited the Customs Department on Monday, where he conducted an inspection and briefing session. According to information from the Ministry’s Secretariat, he instructed the department staff to diligently and honestly achieve the revenue targets. He emphasized, “If revenue collection is conducted with integrity, the Ministry may introduce incentive programs.”

Minister Wagle stated that increasing revenue collection is crucial for the government to achieve broad prosperity, a priority also underscored by the Prime Minister. He noted that both the Ministry and the Prime Minister’s Office are actively monitoring this effort. Additionally, during the visit, he also inspected the department’s customs laboratory.

Sidewalk Market in Janakpur Cleared Using Bulldozers

March 29, Janakpurdham – The sidewalk market located west of Gangasagar near Shiv Chowk in Janakpurdham has been cleared using bulldozers. This operation was conducted under the direct leadership of Madhesh Regional Home Minister Fakira Mahato, who carried out the clearance over two days. The market had been operating for years with temporary structures on the sidewalk, which had negatively impacted the aesthetics of the western part of Gangasagar.
Home Minister Mahato personally led the effort, coordinating with the Nepal Police and municipal police to clear the sidewalk market through the use of bulldozers. On Sunday, only a few structures were demolished, and merchants were given an ultimatum until 11 a.m. Monday to vacate remaining structures. However, as traders resisted, bulldozers were again deployed on Monday. The sidewalk business owners have requested alternative arrangements for their livelihoods. Additionally, they challenged authorities to extend such demolition efforts to large buildings and hotels constructed by encroaching on public land, not just targeting them alone.

सार्वजनिक निकायहरू खारेज, हस्तान्तरण र गाभिने – Online Khabar

Proposal Presented to Dissolve, Transfer, and Merge Public Bodies

News Summary

Editorial review completed.

  • The Good Governance Roadmap Suggestion Committee has recommended dissolving 11 public bodies and merging 7 bodies to the government.
  • The committee suggested dissolving public entities such as the Buddhist Philosophy Promotion Committee, Journalist Minimum Wage Determination Committee, and the Railway Board, along with transferring their functions.
  • The committee recommended transferring various bodies to local levels, provinces, or relevant departments to reduce government expenses.

March 29, Kathmandu – The Good Governance Roadmap Suggestion Committee has proposed dissolving 11 public bodies. The 15-member committee, formed under the coordination of Cabinet Secretary Govinda Bahadur Karki, identified public institutions that can be dissolved, merged, or have their functions transferred, and presented recommendations to the government.

The committee was formed as per the Prime Minister’s decision dated January 28, 2022, to prepare a Good Governance Roadmap. Its mandate was to identify areas prone to corruption in the performance of functions by the three tiers of government and deliver a report with necessary policy, institutional, and procedural reform suggestions in the fields of governance, development management, and public service delivery.

After further analysis based on previous studies and reports, the Karki-led committee recommended to the government to dissolve public bodies that were created in the past but have either not functioned effectively or contributed to unnecessary expenses. The committee suggested merging entities with similar mandates to avoid duplication of work and to reduce government expenditure through coordination. According to the committee, there is no need for additional bodies to perform functions that provinces and local governments can manage. As stated in the Governance Procedure, “Institutions created for a specific purpose that have become irrelevant due to changing circumstances should be dissolved to reduce the government’s financial and administrative burden.”

According to the report submitted by the committee, 11 public bodies are recommended for dissolution. Among these, the recently published Good Governance Roadmap by the new government stated that the functions of three bodies can be performed by existing institutions. The committee recommended dissolving the Buddhist Philosophy Promotion and Monastery Development Committee, as its functions can be handled by Lumbini University and the Department of Archaeology.

The Journalist Minimum Wage Determination Committee and the Nepal Railway Board are also recommended for dissolution; the railway department can carry out the railway board’s functions. The Urban Public Transport Authority, which has not been active for three years, was deemed unnecessary. The Land Development Revolving Fund is also proposed for dissolution.

The committee did not consider the Municipal Development Committee necessary, as its functions can be managed by local governments. After the completion of infrastructure projects of Bardibas, Surkhet, and Butwal Medical Colleges, these entities are recommended to be dissolved as well.

The National Dairy Development Board should be dissolved since the Department of Animal Services can undertake its roles. District Election Offices could be dissolved and their responsibilities transferred to respective District Administration Offices. The roadmap also mentions the possibility of establishing election offices at the provincial level following the dissolution of district-level offices.

Following the recommendation to dissolve the labor approval system, the Ministry of Labor implemented new provisions starting Sunday. The committee also recommended canceling the ‘No Objection Certificate’ (NOC) required for foreign studies.

The committee noted that if another body performs similar functions, an additional body is unnecessary. It further suggested transferring functions from one institution to another where applicable. The National Chure Conservation Committee is proposed to be restructured and incorporated into the government structure.

The Botanical Research Centers located in Ilam, Dhanusha, Makwanpur, Banke, Salyan, Jumla, and Kailali are recommended to be transferred to their respective provinces. The Animal Disease Investigation Projects in Biratnagar, Janakpur, Pokhara, Surkhet, and Dhangadhi are also advised to be transferred to provincial authority. Various irrigation projects should be handed over to federal or provincial irrigation offices, and riverbank protection programs should be transferred to the provinces.

Multiple tourism conservation and development committees are recommended to be transferred to local governments or provincial authorities.

The government has also been advised to merge seven public bodies. The Nepal Mountain Academy and Nepal Tourism and Hotel Management Academy, which perform similar functions, are recommended to be combined. The Printing Department, Law Book Management Committee, and Security Printing Development Committee could be merged into the Security Printing Center.

The Nepal Intermodal Transport Development Committee could be merged with Nepal Transport and Warehousing Management Company Limited to become more efficient. The committee also suggested the possibility of transforming these combined bodies into an authority. The Judicial Service Training Center is proposed to be merged with the Judicial Academy. The Central Law Library Development Committee should be integrated with the National Library.

The committee recommended integrating similar youth and small entrepreneur self-employment funds, women empowerment funds, and startup enterprise loan funds under a single entity named the ‘National Entrepreneurship and Self-employment Fund.’ However, for the Terai Madhesh Prosperity Program, it is deemed more appropriate to transfer responsibilities to the relevant province rather than establishing a separate federal office.

To reduce government expenses, the Public Expenditure Review Commission was formed under Dr. Dilliraj Khanal’s coordination. A committee led by former Secretary Shankar Prasad Koirala submitted a report in 2021 advising the government on merging, dissolving, or transferring various overlapping structures.

Another recommendation commission was formed in 2021 under former Finance Minister and Finance Secretary Rameshwar Prasad Khanal, which suggested enhancing government function effectiveness and reducing expenses through the merger, dissolution, and transfer of offices and public bodies.

To implement immediate proposals from all three reports, another task force was established under Chudamani Paudel, Secretary of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers’ Office. The Good Governance Roadmap presented by the current government is based on these past studies.